The CORE framework for instructional design stands on four essential pillars: Concise, Organized, Relevant, and Engaging. This philosophy places the student at the center of the educational experience, emphasizing a high commitment to quality and a profound respect for the learner's time and resources. Viewing the learner's time as currency they choose to spend on our content, we aim to maximize the return on their investment by ensuring an exceptional user experience. This approach integrates principles from universal design, diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI), trauma-informed teaching.
Conciseness in instructional design means delivering content that is clear, to the point, and devoid of unnecessary complexity or redundancy. It prioritizes the essential information that learners need to achieve their educational goals.
Organization refers to structuring content in a logical, coherent manner that efficiently guides learners through the material. It involves clear sequencing, categorization, and systematic presentation of information.
Relevance ensures that the content is directly applicable to the learners’ needs, goals, and real-world applications. It involves providing material that is meaningful and beneficial to the students' academic and professional lives while strictly adhering to learning objectives.
Engagement involves capturing and maintaining the learners’ interest and motivation throughout the learning process. It encompasses interactive elements, multimedia, and varied instructional strategies to create a dynamic and stimulating learning environment.
The CORE Framework (Concise, Organized, Relevant, Engaging) provides educators with a clear path to streamline and elevate learning. Yet, some of the most effective, research-backed learning strategies can initially appear to conflict with CORE principles. After all, what could be “concise” about intentionally making learning harder? Or what seems “organized” about mixing up content in unexpected ways?
The truth is that these evidence-based approaches do not contradict CORE—they enrich it. By weaving in strategies such as desirable difficulty, interleaving, and generative learning, instructors can build deeper, more durable learning experiences that align with the very goals CORE is designed to achieve.
Robert Bjork and Elizabeth Bjork’s work on desirable difficulties shows that learning is often stronger when students must struggle productively. Techniques like spacing practice, recalling information from memory instead of re-reading, or tackling varied problem types may feel less efficient in the moment, but they improve long-term retention.
Instead of blocking practice (e.g., completing 20 of the same type of math problem in a row), interleaving mixes different types of problems or topics within a single session. While this feels disorganized to the learner, research consistently shows it improves the ability to discriminate between concepts and transfer knowledge to new contexts.
Generative learning strategies—such as self-explaining, summarizing, or teaching others—require learners to actively generate their own connections rather than passively receive information. Richard Mayer and Logan Fiorella’s research shows that when learners create, they remember more deeply.
At first glance, these approaches may seem to contradict CORE:
But in practice, they work with CORE by clarifying what matters, structuring experiences for growth, and keeping students authentically engaged. The key is intentional design. CORE sets the foundation, and strategies like desirable difficulty, interleaving, and generative learning build the scaffolding for long-lasting knowledge and skills.
When CORE is applied with these strategies in mind, the result is not an easier curriculum but a smarter one. Educators who adopt this balance create conditions where students not only learn for today but retain, apply, and thrive for tomorrow.
At the heart of the CORE framework is a steadfast commitment to quality and a deep respect for the learner. This involves recognizing and valuing the significant time and resource investment made by students. By viewing their time as currency, we acknowledge that learners are choosing to spend their valuable time with our content, and it is our responsibility to ensure they receive maximum value in return.
High Commitment to Quality:
Respect for Learner’s Time:
By employing the CORE framework, we create an educational environment that is highly sensitive to the user experience. This approach not only enhances learning outcomes but also fosters a positive, respectful, and enriching educational experience for all students.
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